Could Solid-State Batteries Improve EVs?

2023-06-18

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  • Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan is one of the world's largest carmakers.
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  • The company has faced criticism for being slow to develop electric vehicles (EVs).
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  • This week, Toyota announced that it had reached a "technological breakthrough" in the development of solid-state batteries.
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  • The company said it has overcome an issue with the durability of solid-state batteries.
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  • It said it is ready to move from research toward production.
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  • The carmaker told investors it expects to sell vehicles powered by solid-state batteries by 2027 or 2028.
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  • Solid-state batteries use thin layers of solid electrolytes that carry lithium ions between electrodes.
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  • The lithium-ion batteries currently used in EVs use liquid electrolytes.
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  • Solid-state batteries have been used in small electronic devices like pacemakers and smartwatches.
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  • But mass-market production of the batteries for EVs has developed more slowly.
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  • Solid-state batteries can hold more energy than liquid lithium-ion batteries.
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  • The gain could ease concerns about the limited distance an EV can travel.
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  • A Reuters study in March found that 35 percent of Americans wanted EVs that can travel more than 800 kilometers between charges.
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  • That is a distance few currently offer.
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  • Solid-state batteries also promise to reduce charging time.
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  • Toyota said it expects its solid-state battery would have a charging time of 10 minutes or less.
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  • There is also the issue of safety.
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  • The electrolyte in liquid lithium-ion batteries presents a risk of fire or chemical leaks.
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  • Several carmakers and technology companies have tested solid-state batteries for EVs.
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  • But they have been unable so far to produce them in large amounts.
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  • It is hard to design a solid electrolyte that is stable and still carries lithium ions between electrodes.
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  • Solid-state batteries do not last long and are much more costly to make than liquid lithium-ion batteries.
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  • Other major carmakers have also noted their efforts in producing solid-state batteries.
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  • Nissan Motor of Japan was the first automaker to launch a mass-market EV with its Leaf.
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  • It says it is developing solid-state batteries and is working toward mass production by 2028.
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  • Honda is also developing solid-state batteries.
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  • But the Japanese carmaker has not said when the batteries might be ready for production.
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  • QuantumScape is an American company backed by Bill Gates and Volkswagen of Germany.
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  • It has said it is working with six carmakers to develop the technology.
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  • Mercedes-Benz, Stellantis and TotalEnergies have an agreement to develop solid-state batteries with Taiwan-based battery maker ProLogium Technology.
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  • Ford, BMW and Hyundai Motor have invested in Solid Power, which is producing sample batteries.
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  • Hyundai has said it plans to mass-produce solid-state batteries by 2030.
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  • The EV market leader, Tesla, has not detailed solid-state battery development plans.
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  • The company said it has centered its efforts on the production of more powerful 4680 battery cells for its Cybertruck and other vehicles.
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  • I'm Ashley Thompson.